Ayman Yasin Atat (Technical University of Braunschweig), 'Manuscripts as Storytellers. What Could Manuscripts as Witnesses of Pharmaceutical Knowledge Tell Us? A Case Study of Rawḍat al-ʿiṭr Manuscript'
Abstract:
The exchange of pharmaceutical knowledge between the civilizations played a crucial factor in the development of the materia medica culture throughout history, this exchange happened either through travellers (both traders and scientists), or by translation of the previous medical and pharmaceutical writings into other languages. In this context, the best example in the history of medicine and pharmacy is the translation movement from Greek into Arabic which flourished especially in Baghdad during the 8th century and later by support from the Abbasid Caliphs which led to producing an enormous number of Arabic medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts which spread to many geographical areas around the Mediterranean. The production of pharmaceutical manuscripts continued in the early Ottoman periods with support from Ottoman sultans too. However, these manuscripts were not pure translations of the previous texts but were inserting many new or tested knowledge based on their authors’ experience, therefore, we could say that each manuscript, given the biography of its author, could work as the best witness of the pharmaceutical knowledge in both historical period and geographical area.
One of the most interesting pharmaceutical manuscript that was authored in the 15th century was entitled Rawḍat al-ʿiṭr (“Paradise of Fragrance/ Garden of Pharmacy”), the author al-Shirwānī was an important early Ottoman physician in the service of several rulers and the Ottoman sultans, and the aim of writing this text was to be as an integral reference for all members of the pharmaceutical profession, employing a careful citation system of the classical authorities, such as Ibn Sīnā, al-Rāzī, and even Galen and Dioscorides, and others. This text provides rich knowledge about the fifteenth century pharmaceutical practice in the Ottoman realm, including the preparation of recipes for drugs and medical procedures.
This manuscript could be a witness of the Ottoman pharmaceutical sciences, shedding much light on the use of simple drugs in Ottoman pharmaceutical recipes, and also expressing the transmission and development of medical and pharmacological knowledge in the early Ottoman period. However, studying the contents of this manuscript might tell us further more details not only pharmaceutical ones, but might go in-depth with details of social, ethical, and even might have modern practical pharmaceutical aspects.
Therefore, this talk will take the audience on a journey between the chapters and the lines of this book, not only to know about the pharmaceutical situation in the early modern Ottoman age but to figure out what could this manuscript tell us more about other details and aspects of that period.
Biography:
Ayman Yasin Atat, a pharmacist, received his PhD in the History of Medical Science from Aleppo University in 2014, which he combined with his background as a pharmacist and as a native speaker of Arabic; his initial work covered the fields of history of medicine, history of the materia medica, and Arabic medical and pharmaceutical manuscripts. Between 2014-2016, he conducted a postdoc project at the Faculty of Medicine at Istanbul University about medicine in the Ottoman civilization of the 19th century.
Between 2017-2020, he worked at the Technical University of Braunschweig in the Department of History of Science and Pharmacy, as a fellow, where he studied the materia medica culture in Arabic traditions. In addition, he starts to prepare a bilingual edition (Arabic and English) of the Rawḍat al-iṭr manuscript, which was written by al-Shirwānī (15th century). Between January 2020 and April 2022, he was a guest researcher in the Arabic seminar at FU Berlin, to investigate the unique and rare Arabic pharmaceutical manuscripts housed at the Berlin State Library. Afterward, he came back to the Department for History of Science and Pharmacy at TU Braunschweig, where he currently holds a position as a researcher conducting a project and to complete his Habilitation in the history of pharmacy with a focus on his research fields of Arabic pharmaceutical manuscripts and history of pharmacy in Arabic and Ottoman civilizations.